MOLOAʻA VALLEY FARMS SUBDIVISION

Transcription

1 MOLOAʻA VALLEY FARMS SUBDIVISION TAX MAP KEY (4) Agricultural Master Plan - 1 -

2 Introduction:...3 Parcel-wide Agricultural Considerations...3 Agricultural Use Details by Unit:...6 Unit 1:...6 Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Exhibit A: Kauai District Map...28 EXHIBIT B: Project Location...29 EXHIBIT C: Arial View...29 EXHIBIT C: Arial View...30 EXHIBIT D: Land Use...31 EXHIBIT E: Soil Map for EXHIBIT F: Mean Monthly Rainfall (in)...55 EXHIBITG: Kauai Farmers Markets...56 EXHIBIT H: HRS 205 Land Use Commission

3 Moloaʻa Valley Farms Subdivision Agricultural Plan Introduction: The Moloaʻa Valley Farms Agricultural Subdivision consists of 190 acres located in the East Side District of Kauai (Exhibit A). The project is located approximately 1300 m southwest of Moloaʻa Bay between Koʻolau Rd and Kuhio Highway (Exhibits B and C). The Moloaʻa Valley Farms Agricultural Subdivision is a model of small shareholder diversified agricultural development. Due to its long history of unsuccessful residential development and accompanying low sales prices, Moloaʻa Valley Farms has attracted a diverse collective of farmers and ranchers among its owners. Many units have been under cultivation or grazing management since the initial purchase in Over the years the parcel has been home to sustainable agriculture workshops and installations, horse rescue operations, farm animal veterinary sites, managed intensive grazing, and niche market row cropping. The same forces that have helped shape the agricultural diversity within the project have also led several owners to abandon their hopes for its successful development. Therefore many owners have relocated off-island or let their land to go fallow, waiting for a brightened outlook for the project. The eventual bankruptcy of the initial developer in 2009, prompted the formation of the association of farm owners in Since then, the board of directors of the association has managed the project with the goal of providing all members with a farm dwelling unit, which was included at the time of sales but achievable now only through the subdivision process. Parcel-wide Agricultural Considerations The project parcel is located within the Ag/Open designations (Exhibit D). The topography is varied and includes steep slopes, Moloaʻa stream frontage, hilly grasslands and valley bottom land. The topography suits diversified sustainable agricultural models very well. The soil profiles are also varied. The parcel contains Lihue, Makapili, loleau soil series classifications as well as Rough Broken Land designation (Exhibit E). Soil ph tends toward acidic ( ) with deficiencies in Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium. Historically, the parcel was primarily used for cattle grazing, which has deepened topsoils and spared the land of contaminants from plantation or pineapple production. While row cropping is possible on flat or terraced land, agricultural pursuits such as agroforestry, managed grazing, and orchard systems represent the most ecologically sound practices for the majority of the parcel. All agricultural uses planned within the subdivision are identified as permissible uses within Chapter 205 Land Use Commission. The cultivation of crops ( ), the raising of livestock ( ), and the construction of farm buildings including farm dwellings ( ) will be - 3 -

4 the primary uses within the proposed project. In addition, agricultural education programs ( ) have been previously offered on the site and are included in the plans of at least two of the units within the project. These educational programs will be secondary to the principal agricultural operations onsite and will not interfere with surrounding agricultural operations. All owners are required by current and future covenants to engage in agricultural activities as described in Chapter 205. The subdivision will be governed by the Conditions, Covenants, and Restrictions (CC&Rs) that will be developed for the property and will require compliance with this Master Plan. The deed restrictions are intended to ensure harmony and integration among the residents of the subdivision and their surrounding neighbors, and to assure compliance with all land use requirements. Due to some units long history of farming activity (18+ years) and others long fallow periods, a "one size fits all" ag plan for the parcel is impractical. A detailed agricultural survey of the owners was recently conducted followed by hours of meetings. Individual ag plans were created or updated to reflect current intentions. While the individual plans vary greatly in their scope and scale, common needs and areas of cooperation have been identified. Most prominently, a cooperative marketing option has been discussed and planned. Initially proposed to be an honor system farm product stand, plans include a direct marketing (CSA) program where consumers would receive a "share" of products that could come from several different farms within the project. A central market stand under this model would serve as a distribution / pickup location. As more units begin to be productive, the stand could be staffed and further organized as needs require. Other cooperative ventures include equipment sharing, fencing collaborations, and educational program co-hosting. A Farm Review Committee was established in 2015 to facilitate farm structure permitting and compliance with covenants. This committee will serve as an initial steering committee for farm related issues within the project, assisting owners with compliance with Chapter 205, USDA requirements, and internal covenants - 4 -

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6 Agricultural Use Details by Unit: Unit 1: Unit owner/manager has 30+ year agricultural experience on Kauai, currently operates largest solid waste management (compost) site on the north shore and manages several other farm operations. Unit is 7 acres of predominantly flat farmable land. Ag plans include orchard, agroforestry, nursery, and row crops. Current or recent activities include farming yellow ginger, turmeric, banana, macadamia nut, bamboo and nursery stock. Current and planned marketing of ag products include wholesale to distributor and local farmers markets. Owner also intends to participate in community farm stand

7 Unit 2 Unit owner/manager has 20+ years of agricultural experience on Kauai, has taught sustainable agriculture at UH Kauai/KCC and does consultation and agricultural design. Unit is 5.23 acres and is approximately half flat and half sloped. Ag plans include expansion of existing Agroforestry. Current or recent activities include animal management (dairy cows, heritage hog breeding, chickens and bees), agroforestry, annual vegetable production, nursery and agricultural education programs. Unit has been dedicated to agriculture for 10 years. Ag products are direct marketed to local consumers. Owner also plans to participate in community farm stand - 7 -

8 Unit 3 Unit has been under agricultural management since Unit is 5.1 acres in size with approximately half of the area with gentle grassy slope with the other half being forested slope. Current and recent activities include management intensive grazing, pasture management, and agroforestry maintenance. Animals and products to be marketed directly to local consumers or through local meat cooperative

9 Unit 4 Unit owner / manager has 10 year ag history on Kauai. Owns and operates nearby 20 acre commercial farm which includes 5 acres of vegetable row crops, 5 acres orchard, 2 acres of pastured piggery, 7000 sq ft of greenhouse cultivation, and history of hosting farming education / workshops. Unit 4 is 5.7 acres and currently undeveloped with mix of grassland and forested slope. Planned activites includes cacao and construction-grade bamboo cultivation and 1/4 acre of vegetable row cropping. Products will be marketed through farmers markets and direct online sales. Owner also plans to participate in community farm stand

10 Unit 5 Unit owner / manager has 12 years of experience farming on Kauai and owns and manages the farm operation on the neighboring unit. Unit 5 is currently undeveloped and in design phase. Unit 5 is 5.9 acres of predominantly forested sloped land. Agricultural plans include orchard, agroforestry, and pineapple. Farm products will be marketed to mainland distributors (pineapple) or locally through on-line sales and community farm stand

11 Unit 6 Unit Owners / Managers have a 8 years of agricultural experience on Kauai. Unit is 4.1 acres of mostly flat farmable land. Ag plans include installation of agroforestry, bee forage, and plant nursery. Current activity includes productive fruit tree orchard. Marketing strategies include farmers market, restaurants, and on-line sales. Plans include participation in community farm stand

12 Unit 7 Unit owners / manager have 15 years of agricultural experience on Kauai, has designed and cultivated a 1.5 acre farm lot in Kilauea Farms since 2001, and has completed the Sustainable Farming and Gardening Course at KCC in Unit 7 is 8.8 acres in size and has been used for pasture but remains mostly undeveloped. Agricultural plans include mixed vegetable openfield row cropping, orchard, plant nursery, and hoop house cultivation of tomatoes and curcurbits. Ag products will be marketed via direct on-line sales, farmers markets, and wholesale to stores and restaurants. Marketing plans also include community farm stand

13 Unit 8 Unit owner has 15 years of agricultural experience in Hawaii and currently owns and operates a 20 acre farm on the Big Island. Unit 8 is 5.8 acres in size, currently undeveloped and contains some grassy meadow and forested slopes. Ag plans include rotational grazing and agroforestry. Marketing will be primarily through on-lines sales and community farm stand

14 Unit 9 Unit owners / managers are partners with 20 and 16 years of farming experience on Kauai. They have operated Kauai's largest Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program, taught sustainable agriculture in local schools, hosted workshops, and formed a farmer's cooperative distribution center on their 10 acre Kilauea farm. Unit 9 is 9.3 acres and consists of forested slopes and rolling grassland that has been fenced for rotational grazing. Current and recent activities include management intensive grazing and fruit tree orchard planting. Agricultural plans include agroforestry, greenhouse culture, nursery, and seasonal vegetable row-cropping. Marketing plans include wholesale to restaurants and stores, farmers markets, direct to consumer sales, and participation in community farm stand

15 Unit 10 Unit owners have 10 years of agriculture experience on the mainland. Unit 10 is 21.9 acres, currently undeveloped and consists of rolling grasslands and forested slopes. Agricultural plans include agroforestry focusing on mango, papaya, and construction-grade bamboo. Also rotational grazing beef cattle and goats. Marketing plans include local meat cooperative and participation in community farm stand

16 Unit 11 Unit owner / manager has 25 years of agricultural history on Kauai and currently manages a 5 acre farm lot in Moloaʻa. Unit 11 is 8 acres in size, currently undeveloped and predominantly steep forested slope land. Agricultural plans include fruit tree and coconut orchard where slope permits. Marketing strategies include direct on-line sales and community farm stand

17 Unit 12 Unit owner / manager has 12 years of agricultural experience on Kauai including currently farming turmeric on leased farmland in Kilauea. Unit 12 is 2.2 acres of sloped and terraced land for planting. Current or recent activity on Unit 12 includes agroforestry focused on bamboo (40+ varieties), raising chickens and ducks, and honey bee management. Ag plans include expansion of agroforestry, row cropping, and nursery / propagation. Marketing plans consist of direct to consumer on-line sales and community farm stand participation

18 Unit 13 Unit 13 is 5.3 acres in size, currently undeveloped and consists of predominantly sloped forested land. Agricultural plans are for agroforestry, vegetable row crops, and plant nursery. Farm products are to be marketed through farmers markets, on-line sales and the community farm stand

19 Unit 14 Unit 14 is 3.9 Acres in size and is currently undeveloped. The unit consists of forested sloped land. Ag plans are for a fruit and nut tree orchard. Marketing of farm products will include on-line sales and participation in community farm stand

20 Unit 15 Owners / managers have 30 years of agricultural experience primarily with horse breeding, equestrian business, and animal sales and leasing. Unit is 10.3 acres of mostly flat, fenced pasture. Current or recent activities include horse boarding and breeding. Agricultural plans include expansion of existing pasture, creation of horse arena, installation of gardens for vegetable row cropping. Owners use social media to market their services and plan to include online sales and advertising

21 Unit 16 Owners / managers have 20 years of farming experience primarily with pasturing animals (horses, goats, and pigs). Unit 16 is 11 Acres in size consisting of forested slope land and rolling grassland. The unit is currently undeveloped? Agricultural plans for unit 16 include managed grazing of horses and goats. Marketing of farm animals is planned through local on-line sales

22 Unit 17 Unit owner / manager is life-long Kauai resident and rancher who has managed 200+ acres of pasture on the adjacent parcel for 12 years. Unit 17 is 9.2 acres in size and consists of rolling pasture and some forested slopes. Current use of this unit is horse pasture. The agricultural plan for this unit is pasturing grazing animals (horses, sheep, and goats), animal breeding, horse riding and boarding. Marketing of animals and services will be integrated into existing activities on adjacent parcel

23 Unit 18 Unit 18 is 16.4 acres of sloped grassland and forest. The unit is currently undeveloped. Agricultural plans include orchard and pasture Marketing of products will focus on local outlets, farmers markets and direct on-line sales. Owner plans on participating in community farm stand

24 Unit 19 Owner / manager is a life-long resident of Kauai, currently employed by the Nature Conservancy and specializes in native plant restoration and native forest conservation. Unit 19 is 8.5 acres of forested slope land and valley bottom land. Current or recent activity on this unit includes some native plant establishment and fruit trees. Agricultural plans are for continuing fruit and nut tree planting and incorporating native species in forested areas. Marketing plans for this unit are local farmers markets and direct online marketing. Owner plans to participate in community farm stand

25 Unit 20 Owner / manager has been farming in the project for 18 years and owns adjacent unit in project that has been extensively cultivated with fruit and nut trees and productive understory plants. Unit 20 is 5.0 acres of sloped grassland and sparse forest and is currently undeveloped. Ag plans for this unit are to establish orchard and agroforestry. Marketing of farm products will be done at local farmers markets and through the community farm stand

26 Unit 21 Owner / manager has 18 years of agricultural history on Kauai and owns adjacent unit in the project that has been extensively cultivated with fruit and nut trees and row crops. Unit 21A is 9.6 acres of forested slopes and is undeveloped at this time. Plans for agricultural improvements include orchard and agroforestry establishment. Marketing strategies include farmers markets and local on-line sales. Owner plans to participate in community farm stand

27 Current or recent activities on unit 21b include local marketing of fruits and vegetables cultivated from this 16.1 acre unit. Once rolling grassland and sparse forest, Unit 21B has hundreds of mature fruit and nut trees and understory productive plants. Ag plans for this unit include maintenance and expansion of tree crops and garden beds. Future products will continue to be marketed locally at farmers markets. Owner plans to participate in community farm stand

28 Exhibit A: Kauai District Map

29 EXHIBIT B: Project Location

30 EXHIBIT C: Arial View

31 EXHIBIT D: Land Use

32 EXHIBIT E: Soil Map for

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35 Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Descriptions (Moloa'a Soil types ) The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example

36 Custom Soil Resource Report An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example

37 Custom Soil Resource Report Island of Kauai, Hawaii HnA Hanalei silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, MLRA 167 Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2w02x Elevation: 0 to 300 feet Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 120 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season Map Unit Composition Hanalei and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hanalei Setting Landform: Flood plains on valley floors Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, dip Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear, concave Parent material: Alluvium derived from basalt Typical profile Apg - 0 to 6 inches: silty clay Ag1-6 to 10 inches: silty clay Ag2-10 to 13 inches: silty clay Bg1-13 to 18 inches: silty clay loam Bg2-18 to 26 inches: silty clay loam Cg - 26 to 36 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Runoff class: Negligible Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 24 to 60 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Occasional Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 5.0 Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 2w Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: Volcanic Ash Forest (F164XY500HI) Hydric soil rating: No

38 Custom Soil Resource Report Minor Components Hanalei, ponded Percent of map unit: 15 percent Landform: Flood plains on valley floors Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (threedimensional): Tread, dip Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear, concave Ecological site: Volcanic Ash Forest (F164XY500HI) Hydric soil rating: Yes HsD Hanamaulu silty clay, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpsw Elevation: 200 to 700 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 100 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Hanamaulu and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hanamaulu Setting Landform: Terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (threedimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Basic igneous rocks Typical profile H1-0 to 11 inches: silty clay H2-11 to 36 inches: silty clay H3-36 to 72 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No

39 Custom Soil Resource Report HtE Hanamaulu stony silty clay, 10 to 35 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpsy Elevation: 200 to 700 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 100 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Hanamaulu, stony, and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hanamaulu, Stony Setting Landform: Terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (threedimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Basic igneous rocks Typical profile H1-0 to 11 inches: stony silty clay H2-11 to 36 inches: silty clay H3-36 to 72 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 10 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No lob loleau silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpto Elevation: 100 to 750 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 70 inches

40 Custom Soil Resource Report Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Ioleau and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Ioleau Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (threedimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 15 inches: silty clay loam H2-15 to 61 inches: silty clay Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No

41 Custom Soil Resource Report IoC Ioleau silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpt1 Elevation: 100 to 750 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 70 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Ioleau and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Ioleau Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 15 inches: silty clay loam H2-15 to 61 inches: silty clay Properties and qualities Slope: 6 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately high (0.00 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpt2 Elevation: 100 to 750 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 70 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Ioleau and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Ioleau Setting

42 Custom Soil Resource Report IoC Ioleau silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (threedimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 3 inches: silty clay loam H2-3 to 60 inches: silty clay Properties and qualities Slope: 12 to 20 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpt3 Elevation: 100 to 750 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 70 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Ioleau and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Ioleau Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (threedimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 3 inches: silty clay loam H2-3 to 60 inches: silty clay Properties and qualities Slope: 20 to 30 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to

43 Custom Soil Resource Report IoC Ioleau silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes moderately high (0.06 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No KdD Kalapa silty clay, 8 to 20 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hptj Elevation: 200 to 1,200 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 100 inches Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Kalapa and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Kalapa Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (threedimensional): Side slope, rise Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 10 inches: silty clay H2-10 to 60 inches: clay Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 20 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Kw Kolokolo clay loam Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpv1-43 -

44 Custom Soil Resource Report IoC Ioleau silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Elevation: 50 to 500 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 150 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season Map Unit Composition Kolokolo and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Kolokolo Setting Landform: Streams Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Rise Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Alluvium Typical profile H1-0 to 19 inches: clay loam H2-19 to 28 inches: loam H3-28 to 60 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 2 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Negligible Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: Occasional Frequency of ponding: Rare Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 2w Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No LhB Lihue silty clay, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpv6 Elevation: 0 to 800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 60 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 75 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated Map Unit Composition Lihue and similar soils: 100 percent

45 Custom Soil Resource Report IoC Ioleau silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Lihue Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous dust Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay H2-12 to 60 inches: silty clay Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 5.0 Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No LhC Lihue silty clay, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpv7 Elevation: 0 to 800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 60 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 75 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated Map Unit Composition Lihue and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Lihue Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous dust Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay H2-12 to 60 inches: silty clay Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 15 percent

46 Custom Soil Resource Report IoC Ioleau silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 5.0 Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpv9 Elevation: 0 to 800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 60 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 75 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Lihue and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Lihue Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous dust Typical profile H1-0 to 6 inches: silty clay H2-6 to 60 inches: silty clay Properties and qualities Slope: 25 to 40 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 5.0 Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No MeB Makapili silty clay, 0 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpvn Elevation: 100 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 70 to 80 inches

47 Custom Soil Resource Report IoC Ioleau silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Makapili and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Makapili Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (threedimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay H2-12 to 28 inches: clay loam H3-28 to 60 inches: clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpvp Elevation: 100 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 70 to 80 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Makapili and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Makapili Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (threedimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay H2-12 to 28 inches: clay loam H3-28 to 60 inches: clay loam

48 Custom Soil Resource Report IoC Ioleau silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpvq Elevation: 100 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 70 to 80 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Makapili and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Makapili Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (threedimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay H2-12 to 28 inches: clay loam H3-28 to 60 inches: clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No

49 Custom Soil Resource Report MeE Makapili silty clay, 25 to 40 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpvr Elevation: 100 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 70 to 80 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Makapili and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Makapili Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (threedimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay H2-12 to 28 inches: clay loam H3-28 to 60 inches: clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 25 to 40 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpww Elevation: 170 to 500 feet Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 80 inches Mean annual air temperature: 72 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition

50 Custom Soil Resource Report MeE Makapili silty clay, 25 to 40 percent slopes Puhi and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Puhi Setting Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (threedimensional): Interfluve, rise Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Basic igneous rock Typical profile H1-0 to 12 inches: silty clay loam H2-12 to 60 inches: silty clay loam Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 5.0 Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No

51 Custom Soil Resource Report rrr Rough broken land Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpxd Elevation: 0 to 4,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 200 inches Mean annual air temperature: 61 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Rough broken land and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Rough Broken Land Setting Landform: Gulches Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope, rise Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium Typical profile H1-0 to 8 inches: silty clay loam H2-8 to 30 inches: silty clay H3-30 to 60 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope: 40 to 70 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 55 inches to paralithic bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No rrt Rough mountainous land Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hpxf Elevation: 0 to 6,000 feet Mean annual air temperature: 57 to 72 degrees F Frost-free period: 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland

52 Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Composition Rough mountainous land and similar soils: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Rough Mountainous Land Setting Landform: Gulches Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope, rise Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium Typical profile H1-0 to 5 inches: silty clay loam H2-5 to 25 inches: very cobbly clay loam H3-25 to 29 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope: 50 to 99 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.2 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No

53 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_ Soil Survey Staff Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook Soil Survey Staff Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Tiner, R.W., Jr Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. home/?cid=nrcs142p2_ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb

54 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook cid=nrcs142p2_ United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook

55 EXHIBIT F: Mean Monthly Rainfall (in)